Worm Breeder's Gazette 11(3): 79

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Immunofluorescence Tips: Hydrogen Peroxide and Permanent Springtime

Michael Finney and Gary Ruvkun

Figure 1

We would like to share some of our immunofluorescence techniques 
with the worm world.  We have developed a hydrogen peroxide treatment 
that permeablizes worms faster, more reproducibly, and much less 
expensively than collagenase, and a technique that greatly reduces 
photobleaching of fluorescein-labelled reagents.
H202 
permeabilization
The idea behind this procedure is to reduce the disulfide linkages 
that help hold the cuticle together, and then quickly oxidize the -SH 
groups to -S03 before the disulfides can reform.  Cysteines and 
methionines in other proteins will be oxidized as well, possibly 
affecting some epitopes.  Met but not cys can be restored by a second 
DTT treatment after the oxidation step.
1.  Fix animals.  We use formaldehyde, as described in Ruvkun and 
Guisto, Nature 338, 313-319, 1989; other fixation protocols will 
probably work.  Overfixation seems to give a high background with this 
technique.
2.  Reduce disulfides to -SH: Wash worms once (in a microfuge tube) 
with Tris Triton buffer, then incubate in Tris Triton buffer + 1%  ME, 
37 C 1 hr with agitation.  After this point the worms are fragile and 
shouldn't be spun hard.  Wash worms once in 1x BO3 buffer, then 
incubate in BO3 buffer + 10mM DTT, 15 min 37 C with agitation.
3.  Oxidize -SH groups to -S03: Wash worms once in BO3 buffer, then 
incubate in BO3 buffer + 1% H2O2, 1 hr at room temperature.  Agitate 
gently but keep tubes upright because the cap may pop open from O2 
pressure.  Wash once with BO3 buffer and once for at least 15 min with 
antibody buffer B.  Store worms in antibody buffer.
4.  To check that worms are permeable to macromolecules, incubate an 
aliquot in 10 g/ml RNase A 1 hr  37 C, then stain RNased and unRNased 
animals with 1% Toluidine blue and rinse several times in buffer B.  
Compare the two samples at 50x with a dissecting scope.  Open animals 
will have very little staining of internal tissues.
5.  Do antibody incubations in buffer A and washes in buffer B.
Permanent Springtime mounting 
procedure
1.  Make a pad of Permanent Springtime agarose on a slide.
2.  Put a 3-5  l drop of NPG solution on the pad, add an equal 
volume of stained worms, and mix with a pipet tip.
3.  Cover with a cover slip and examine using epifluorescence.  
After an hour or two the DAPI stain starts to yellow and 'bleed 
through' to the FITC channel, so don't mount too many samples at once.
[See Figure 1]

Figure 1